This course provides an introduction to stellar structure, evolution, and atmospheres. It covers the basic physical processes that govern the behaviour of stars, including hydrostatic equilibrium, thermal balance, nuclear energy generation, and radiation transport, the application of these principles to modeling the life cycle of stars from birth to the main sequence to death, and the development of tools to deduce stars' physical properties from the light they emit.
This course can be taken as an HPO, please discuss with course convener.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion, students will have the knowledge and skills to:

1. Explain the concepts of hydrostatic balance, equations of state for stellar matter, transfer of heat through stars, stellar nucleosynthesis, and radiation transport, and perform calculations using these concepts;
2. Calculate the internal structures of stars at a variety of levels of approximation;
3. Describe the life cycles of stars from birth to death, and how these cycles depend on stellar mass;
4. Explain the basic theory of stellar spectra, and use this theory to interpret the observed spectra of stars;
5. Work effectively as part of a group.

Field Trips

N/A

Additional Course Costs

N/A

Recommended Resources

Recommended student system requirements 

ANU courses commonly use a number of online resources and activities including:

• video material, similar to YouTube, for lectures and other instruction
• two-way video conferencing for interactive learning
• email and other messaging tools for communication
• interactive web apps for formative and collaborative activities
• print and photo/scan for handwritten work
• home-based assessment.

To fully participate in ANU learning, students need:

• A computer or laptop. Mobile devices may work well but in some situations a computer/laptop may be more appropriate.
• Webcam
• Speakers and a microphone (e.g. headset)
• Reliable, stable internet connection. Broadband recommended. If using a mobile network or wi-fi then check performance is adequate.
• Suitable location with minimal interruptions and adequate privacy for classes and assessments.
• Printing, and photo/scanning equipment

For more information please see https://www.anu.edu.au/students/systems/recommended-student-system-requirements

Staff Feedback

Students will be given feedback in the following forms in this course:

• Verbal feedback on assessments during class tutorials
• Feedback to the whole class, to groups, to individuals

Student Feedback

ANU is committed to the demonstration of educational excellence and regularly seeks feedback from students. Students are encouraged to offer feedback directly to their Course Convener or through their College and Course representatives (if applicable). The feedback given in these surveys is anonymous and provides the Colleges, University Education Committee and Academic Board with opportunities to recognise excellent teaching, and opportunities for improvement. The Surveys and Evaluation website provides more information on student surveys at ANU and reports on the feedback provided on ANU courses.

Other Information

This course can be taken as an Honours Pathway Option course. Please talk to the course convener if you are interested in this option.

If taken as an HPO, HPO option: the weight of problem sets reduced to 40% and there is a written report on a research topic (20%, LO1-5). The report is due at the end of the teaching period (28 May).

Class Schedule

Week/Session	Summary of Activities	Assessment
1	Historical background, nature of light, blackbody radiation, quantisation of energy, magnitude scale, parallax, color index and spectra
2	Matter and light: Bohr's model of the atom, spectral lines, mass: Newtonian mechanics and Kepler's laws, observational properties of stars (masses, virial theorem)	problem set #1 (task 1)
3	Interstellar extinction, binaries?, Mass-Luminosity relation, H-R diagram, spectral classification, Observational constraints: angular resolution (astrometric parralax vs spectral parralax)
4	Nuclear processes: The Bohr model, nuclear reacion rates, Hydrogen burning, p-p chain and CNO cycle, Heavy element burning (s and r processes)	problem set #2 (task 2)
5	Hydrostatic equilibrium, pressure equations of state, Stellar interior: Energy transport and thermodynamics, Stellar atmospheres: radiation transfer, opacity
6	Stellar models: Polytropic model, Stellar models: Chandrasekhar mass, Eddington lminosity, standar and point source model, Building stellar model numerically	problem set #3 (task 3)
7	Stellar births: star formation, the Main sequence and the post main sequence phase
8	Stellar lives: massive stars, Stellar remnants: white dwarfs	problem set #4 (task 4)
9	Stellar remnants: neutron stars , black holes
10	Stellar binaries, Stellar mass-loss: winds	problem set #5 (task 5)
11	Rotation, Chemical yield, Initial mass function
12	Sun and stellar atmospheres, Seismology, student presentations	problem set #6 (task 6)
13	Course rehearsal	Final written exam (task 7)

Assessment Summary

Assessment task	Value	Due Date	Learning Outcomes
Problem Set #1	10 %	05/03/2023	1,2,3,4,5
Problem Set #2	10 %	19/03/2023	1,2,3,4,5
Problem Set #3	10 %	02/04/2023	1,2,3,4,5
Problem Set #4	10 %	30/04/2023	1,2,3,4,5
Problem Set #5	10 %	14/05/2023	1,2,3,4,5
Problem Set #6	10 %	28/05/2023	1,2,3,4,5
Final written exam (task #7)	40 %	*	1,2,3,4

* If the Due Date and Return of Assessment date are blank, see the Assessment Tab for specific Assessment Task details

Policies

ANU has educational policies, procedures and guidelines, which are designed to ensure that staff and students are aware of the University’s academic standards, and implement them. Students are expected to have read the Academic Misconduct Rule before the commencement of their course. Other key policies and guidelines include:

• Student Assessment (Coursework) Policy and Procedure
• Special Assessment Consideration Policy and General Information
• Student Surveys and Evaluations
• Deferred Examinations
• Student Complaint Resolution Policy and Procedure

Assessment Requirements

The ANU is using Turnitin to enhance student citation and referencing techniques, and to assess assignment submissions as a component of the University's approach to managing Academic Integrity. For additional information regarding Turnitin please visit the ANU Online website Students may choose not to submit assessment items through Turnitin. In this instance you will be required to submit, alongside the assessment item itself, hard copies of all references included in the assessment item.

Moderation of Assessment

Marks that are allocated during Semester are to be considered provisional until formalised by the College examiners meeting at the end of each Semester. If appropriate, some moderation of marks might be applied prior to final results being released.

Examination(s)

There will be a final written exam at the end of the semester with questions that cover all topics covered in the course. Value: 40%. Students will be assessed on their knowledge and problem-solving skills they acquired of the course material.

Please note, that where a date range is used in the Assessment Summary in relation to exams, the due date and return date for mid-semester exams indicate the approximate timeframe in which the exam will be held; the due and return date for end of semester exams indicate the approximate timeframe in which the exam will be held and the date official end of Semester results are released on ISIS. Students should consult the course wattle site and the ANU final examination timetable to confirm the date, time and venue of the exam.

Assessment Task 1

Problem Set #1

A take-home problem set with questions related to the topics covered in the lectures.

Assessment Task 2

Problem Set #2

A take-home problem set with questions related to the topics covered in the lectures.

Assessment Task 3

Problem Set #3

A take-home problem set with questions related to the topics covered in the lectures.

Assessment Task 4

Problem Set #4

A take-home problem set with questions related to the topics covered in the lectures.

Assessment Task 5

Problem Set #5

A take-home problem set with questions related to the topics covered in the lectures.

Assessment Task 6

Problem Set #6

A take-home problem set with questions related to the topics covered in the lectures.

Assessment Task 7

Final written exam (task #7)

Final written exam with questions related to all topics covered in the course.

Value: 40%. Students will be assessed on their knowledge and problem-solving skills they acquired of the course material throughout the semester.

The date range in the Assessment Summary indicates the start of the end of semester exam period and the date official end of semester results are released on ISIS. Please check the course Wattle site and the ANU final Examination Timetable http://www.anu.edu.au/students/program-administration/assessments-exams/examination-timetable to confirm the date, time and location exam.

Academic Integrity

Academic integrity is a core part of our culture as a community of scholars. At its heart, academic integrity is about behaving ethically. This means that all members of the community commit to honest and responsible scholarly practice and to upholding these values with respect and fairness. The Australian National University commits to embedding the values of academic integrity in our teaching and learning. We ensure that all members of our community understand how to engage in academic work in ways that are consistent with, and actively support academic integrity. The ANU expects staff and students to uphold high standards of academic integrity and act ethically and honestly, to ensure the quality and value of the qualification that you will graduate with. The University has policies and procedures in place to promote academic integrity and manage academic misconduct. Visit the following Academic honesty & plagiarism website for more information about academic integrity and what the ANU considers academic misconduct. The ANU offers a number of services to assist students with their assignments, examinations, and other learning activities. The Academic Skills and Learning Centre offers a number of workshops and seminars that you may find useful for your studies.

Online Submission

You will be required to electronically sign a declaration as part of the submission of your assignment. Please keep a copy of the assignment for your records. Unless an exemption has been approved by the Associate Dean (Education) submission must be through Turnitin.

Hardcopy Submission

For some forms of assessment (hand written assignments, art works, laboratory notes, etc.) hard copy submission is appropriate when approved by the Associate Dean (Education). Hard copy submissions must utilise the Assignment Cover Sheet. Please keep a copy of tasks completed for your records.

Late Submission

Late submission of assessment tasks without an extension are penalised at the rate of 5% of the possible marks available per working day or part thereof. Late submission of assessment tasks is not accepted seven working days after the due date.

Referencing Requirements

Accepted academic practice for referencing sources that you use in presentations can be found via the links on the Wattle site, under the file named “ANU and College Policies, Program Information, Student Support Services and Assessment”. Alternatively, you can seek help through the Students Learning Development website.

Returning Assignments

Graded assignments will be returned during tutorials.

Extensions and Penalties

Extensions and late submission of assessment pieces are covered by the Student Assessment (Coursework) Policy and Procedure The Course Convener may grant extensions for assessment pieces that are not examinations or take-home examinations. If you need an extension, you must request an extension in writing on or before the due date. If you have documented and appropriate medical evidence that demonstrates you were not able to request an extension on or before the due date, you may be able to request it after the due date.

Resubmission of Assignments

Assignments cannot be resubmitted.

Privacy Notice

The ANU has made a number of third party, online, databases available for students to use. Use of each online database is conditional on student end users first agreeing to the database licensor’s terms of service and/or privacy policy. Students should read these carefully. In some cases student end users will be required to register an account with the database licensor and submit personal information, including their: first name; last name; ANU email address; and other information. In cases where student end users are asked to submit ‘content’ to a database, such as an assignment or short answers, the database licensor may only use the student’s ‘content’ in accordance with the terms of service — including any (copyright) licence the student grants to the database licensor. Any personal information or content a student submits may be stored by the licensor, potentially offshore, and will be used to process the database service in accordance with the licensors terms of service and/or privacy policy. If any student chooses not to agree to the database licensor’s terms of service or privacy policy, the student will not be able to access and use the database. In these circumstances students should contact their lecturer to enquire about alternative arrangements that are available.

Distribution of grades policy

Academic Quality Assurance Committee monitors the performance of students, including attrition, further study and employment rates and grade distribution, and College reports on quality assurance processes for assessment activities, including alignment with national and international disciplinary and interdisciplinary standards, as well as qualification type learning outcomes. Since first semester 1994, ANU uses a grading scale for all courses. This grading scale is used by all academic areas of the University.

Support for students

The University offers students support through several different services. You may contact the services listed below directly or seek advice from your Course Convener, Student Administrators, or your College and Course representatives (if applicable).

• ANU Health, safety & wellbeing for medical services, counselling, mental health and spiritual support
• ANU Diversity and inclusion for students with a disability or ongoing or chronic illness
• ANU Dean of Students for confidential, impartial advice and help to resolve problems between students and the academic or administrative areas of the University
• ANU Academic Skills and Learning Centre supports you make your own decisions about how you learn and manage your workload.
• ANU Counselling Centre promotes, supports and enhances mental health and wellbeing within the University student community.
• ANUSA supports and represents undergraduate and ANU College students
• PARSA supports and represents postgraduate and research students